Code: Noun- A system of words, letters, figures, or other symbols used to represent others, esp. for the purposes of secrecy.
“Information, transcription, translation, code, redundancy, synonymous, messenger, editing, and proofreading are all appropriate terms in biology. They take their meaning from information theory (Shannon, 1948) and are not synonyms, metaphors, or analogies.” (Hubert P. Yockey, Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life, Cambridge University Press, 2005)
“Information, transcription, translation, code, redundancy, synonymous, messenger, editing, and proofreading are all appropriate terms in biology. They take their meaning from information theory (Shannon, 1948) and are not synonyms, metaphors, or analogies.” (Hubert P. Yockey, Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life, Cambridge University Press, 2005)
There are no symbols in DNA. We assign symbols to represent the different molecules (G, A, T, C) and in that sense, DNA can be represented by code.Simply being a pattern is not enough to be a code.
Here's the difference: Computers are machines based around channeling electrical impulses from the hard drive through various electronic switches to generate a specific pattern of impulses as output. The electrical impulses themselves are put into the system using specific interface devices that translate an arbitrarily created code designed to interact with the specific hardware.
However, the code itself doesn't particularly matter, because the code could be written in ANY made-up language. All that matters is that the input follows the pattern that corresponds to the desired output. The input and output languages don't even have to be the same. The only thing that matters is that every output is a specific pattern of impulses that necessitates a specific pattern of input impulses.
The difference? You can't do that with DNA. DNA is ACTUALLY analogous to the circuitry and impulses themselves (the difference being that the operation of DNA is inherent in the properties of the chemical bonds, whereas electricity simply flows through the circuitry), and although DNA can be represented by a code, you cannot substitute Adenine for Amphetamine as you could substitute the letter A with a Batman symbol.
That's the difference between a code and a mechanism.
"The information in DNA is independent of the communication medium insofar as every strand of DNA in your body represents a complete plan for your body"If DNA contained a complete plan for our bodies, there would be no mutations, genetic defects or inherited diseases. Our DNA only contains a 99% complete recipe for our bodies and its functions, but it also contains some of the patterns left over from our fishy ancestors, and subsequent mammals. much of our DNA was implanted by viruses millions of years ago:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/12/science/12paleo.html?pagewanted=all
While we're on the subject, viruses are little more than relatively short RNA or DNA strands, sometimes protected by a protein shell. But all they do is replicate. Their function (message) is inseparable from their structure (medium), because the function directly results from their structure.
Bananas are relatively simple organisms, but they have 24 chromosome pairs, while we only have 23. Are Bananas more complex? If DNA is a code written by a divine artificer, then why do we have junk DNA? Did someone get lazy during the debugging process?
One thing is for sure: Our DNA was NOT arranged specifically to make humans as they appear on Earth right now, that's just what comes out of the prevailing combination. You can't even go back 200 generations without finding "humans" that look quite a bit different than you and I.
DNA is a remarkable, self-replicating molecule that can be represented by a 4-bit code because of its exclusive, patterned makeup, but it is not a code, no matter how intransigently anyone says otherwise.
Im just wondering. You quoted the eminent scientist Yockey who helped pioneer the entire field of Bioinformatics and who stated:
ReplyDelete"DNA is a code" and completely diagramed DNA and evidencing it as isomorphic to Shannons communication model.
You havent addressed or disproved that DNA is NOT isomorphic to Shannons communication model.
Of course it's isomorphic, just as countless rock formations are remarkably similar to stairs, but they aren't stairs because they weren't constructed by a sentient being to specifically fulfill the purpose of stairs. They're just a natural formation brought about by natural processes... Unless of course, you're willing to dilute the definition of "stairs" until it's so broad that you begin committing a Fallacy of Equivocation.
ReplyDeleteIt seems you object to Yockeys statement
ReplyDelete"..(Code)...and are not synonyms, metaphors, or analogies.”
Regardless, the current scientific consensus is that DNA is a real digital code.
For example:
“Every single one of more than a trillion cells in the body contains about a thousand times as much precisely-coded digital information as my entire computer" Richard Dawkins -The Blind Watchmaker
Perhaps you are not aware that science actually researched this issue extensively and concluded DNA is a code.
Here is one such paper:
“Recently it was postulated that language is more than just a metaphor and that linguistics provides a fundamental principle to account for the structure and function of the cell. The conclusion is supported by the facts that cells use a language, called cell language or cellese,- The Linguistics of DNA: Words, Sentences, Grammar, Phonetics and Semantics” by Sungchul Ji of Rutgers University –
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~sji/Linguistics%20of%20DNA.pdf